Depression is more than temporary sadness or feeling “down.” It is a serious mental health condition that affects how a person thinks, feels, and functions in daily life. Without proper care, depression can interfere with relationships, work performance, physical health, and overall quality of life.

Common Signs of Depression

Depression presents differently for each individual, but common symptoms include:

• Persistent sadness or low mood
• Loss of interest in activities once enjoyed
• Fatigue or low energy
• Difficulty concentrating or making decisions
• Changes in sleep or appetite
• Feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt
• Social withdrawal
• Thoughts of hopelessness or self-harm

If these symptoms persist for two weeks or longer, professional evaluation is strongly recommended.

What Causes Depression?

Depression does not have a single cause. It often results from a combination of factors, including:

• Biological factors: brain chemistry, genetics, hormonal changes
• Psychological factors: trauma, chronic stress, unresolved grief
• Environmental factors: major life changes, financial stress, relationship difficulties
• Medical conditions: chronic illness, pain disorders, or medication side effects

Understanding the underlying contributors is a key part of effective treatment.

Treatment and Support Options

Depression is treatable. Evidence-based approaches include:

• Psychotherapy: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), talk therapy, and trauma-informed care
• Medication management: antidepressants prescribed and monitored by a qualified provider
• Lifestyle support: sleep regulation, physical activity, and stress management
• Ongoing care: regular follow-ups and treatment adjustments

Early intervention leads to better long-term outcomes.

When to Seek Help

If depression is affecting daily functioning, relationships, or safety, seeking professional help is essential. Mental health care is not a sign of weakness—it is an investment in long-term well-being.